Plastic deformation of metal at such temperature and rate that substantial increases occur in strength and hardness.
The hardening and embrittlement of metal by repeated flexing action.
Deforming metal plastically at a temperature lower than the recrystallization temperature. Mechanical or hydraulic expansion employed to achieve higher mechanical properties.
Plastic deformation at such temperatures and rates that substantial increases occur in the strength and hardness of the metal.
The process of deforming metal at room temperature by hammering, drawing or forming.