A term which is used in a number of different contexts: (i) A heat treatment carried out below the lower critical temperature to reduce the hardness and increase the toughness of steels that have been hardened by their transformation to martensite. (ii) In tool steels, the term is sometimes used, inadvisedly so, to denote the carbon content of the steel. (iii) To grade the degree of hardness achieved by cold working of both non-ferrous metals and of low-carbon e.g. hard, half-hard, quarter-hard etc.
State of metal hardness measured by tensile and elongation
A measure of the mechanical characteristics of cold rolled steel strip obtained by various degrees of cold working.
To soften hard, brittle steel by heating it to high temperatures.
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The combination of hardness and strength imparted to a metal by mechanical or thermal treatments and characterised by certain metallurgical structures and mechanical properties determining temper designation.
the elasticity and hardness of a metal object; its ability to absorb considerable energy before cracking
toughen (steel or glass) by a process of gradually heating and cooling; "temper glass"
harden by reheating and cooling in oil; "temper steel"
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(heating & cooling) to control interior temperature
the specified hardness range or degree of stiffness typical of low carbon strip steel
Is the process of strengthening metal or glass by heating it or by heating then cooling it.
To soften hard, brittle steel by heating and holding it to a specific temperature without greatly diminishing the toughness and wear resistance of steel.
Heat treat process performed after quenching or normalizing. The forging is heated to a temperature below the critical temperatures and cooled at a suitable rate. Tempering steel after hardening to relieve quenching stresses ensures dimensional stability and obtains specified mechanical properties.
A process to harden metal by reheating and cooling in oil.
The mechanical condition of strip as controlled by heat treatment and cold rolling. For example, a strip in the finally annealed condition is 'soft temper', whilst strip subjected to heavy cold rolling as the final treatment is 'hard temper'. Between these are the intermediate tempers of which the common ones are 'skin passed', 'quarter hard' and 'half hard'.
The degree of hardness exhibited by a metal. See also Hardness.
v. In metallurgical terms, the act of treating a metal so as to adjust it away from maximum hardness so as to achieve a desired balance between strength and brittleness. n. Commercial wire suppliers (and maillers) often use this term somewhat incorrectly to refer simply to the hardness of a metal. A range of terms are used to represent the spectrum of hardnesses, some of which are presented below. In order: Annealed (aka Commerically Soft) Quarter Hard Temper Half Hard Temper Three Quarter Hard Temper Full Hard Temper Extra Hard Temper Spring Hard Temper Extra Spring Hard Temper
(1)The hardness and strength produced by mechanical or thermal treatment or both. It is characterized by a certain structure, mechanical properties or reduction in area during cold working. (2)A measurement of the degree of hardness or lack of ductility in a metal.
A term to which a number of definitions can be applied. These include: a) The operation of tempering; b) The degree of hardness left in a steel bar after quenching and tempering; c) The grading of the hardness of low carbon cold rolled strip, e.g. Hard, Half Hard, Quarter Hard, Skin Passed, Soft; d) An indication of the amount of carbon present in a tool steel, e.g. razor temper, file temper, die temper, etc.
(1) In heat treatment, to reheat hardened steel or hardened cast iron to some temperature below the eutectoid temperature for the purpose of decreasing hardness and increasing toughness. The process is also sometimes applied to normalized steel. (2) In tool steels, temper is sometimes inadvisably used to denote carbon content. (3) In nonferrous alloys and in some ferrous;alloys (steels that cannot be hardened by heat treatment), the hardness and strength produced by mechanical or thermal treatment, or both, and characterized by a certain structure, mechanical properties. Or reduction of area during cold working.
To temper is to strengthen or harden metal (or glass) by heating it or by heating then cooling it. Harder tempers are stronger, more spring-like, and brittler (when they are bent, they may break). Softer tempers are weaker but bend easily.
1. To strengthen a metal through heating. 2. To add water to mortar to improve its consistency.
Reheating hardened, normalized or mechanically worked steel to a temperature below the critical range to soften it and improve impact strength. The moisture content of a sand at which any certain physical test value is obtained, i.e., temper with respect to green compressive strength, permeability, retained compressive strength, etc. To mix material with enough liquid to develop desired molding properties.
Heating and cooling of metal to obtain the desired hardness, strength, and toughness.