Blanket term for a wide array of technologies, including electronic sensors, computer hardware and software and radio communications. The purpose of IVHS is to increase efficiency of use of existing highways, reducing travel time, fuel consumption, air pollution and accidents. There are five functional areas: Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Advance Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) Advance Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS) Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) A more recently coined term, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), encompasses both IVHS and modes of transportation other than highway, such as rail. (see AVI, AVL, WIM)