A drugless method of treatment based on the belief that disease symptoms arise from problems with ligaments and connective tissues.

A form of manual medicine in which naprapaths use their hands to manipulate connective tissue. It is designed to release tension and allow the body to reach musculoskeletal balance. Naprapathy can treat a variety of problems, including back and neck pain, headaches and chronic fatigue.

System of bodywork founded in 1905 by chiropractic professor Oakley G. Smith, author of Modernized Chiropractic (1906). It encompasses nutritional, postural, and exercise counseling. Naprapathic theory holds: () that soft connective tissue in a state of contraction can cause "neurovascular interference," () that this "interference" may cause "circulatory congestion" and "nerve irritation," and () that reducing this "interference" (primarily by hand) paves the way for optimal homeostasis. The major form of Naprapathy in the United States is the Oakley Smith Naprapathic Method, taught by the Chicago National College of Naprapathy.