damage to DNA, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates resulting from exposure to reactive oxygen species that overcome the body's antioxidative defenses, resulting in cell injury and death.
A situation in which the environment within cells becomes highly “oxidized”—that is, comes to contain reactive, unstable molecules, particularly those of oxygen. These reactive molecules can attach themselves to proteins and DNA inside the cell and cause damage. Cells in this highly activated state lose control of their regulatory systems. Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of disease.
Accumulation of destructive molecules called free radicals can lead to motor neuron death. Free radicals damage components of the cells' membranes, proteins or genetic material by "oxidizing" them-the same chemical reaction that causes iron to rust. Some patients with familial ALS have mutations in the gene for superoxide dismutase type 1 (SOD1). SOD1 normally breaks down free radicals, but mutant SOD1 is unable to perform this function. These free radicals may be generated when the enzyme superoxide dismutase malfunctions (either because of a genetic mutation or because of the chemical environment of the nerve cells), or they may be generated as a result of glutamate excitotoxicity, or for some other reason. Many ALS patients take over the counter antioxidants such as Coenzyme Z Q10 and Vitamin E in an effort to neutralize free radicals.
A condition in which antioxidant levels are lower than normal. Antioxidant levels are usually measured in blood plasma.
Oxidative stress is a condition where increased oxidant production in organisms is characterized by the release of very unstable and highly reactive molecules results in cellular degeneration. PBDEs/BDPEs Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and brominated diphenyl ethers are a group of human-made organobromine chemicals that are used as flame retardants in various plastic materials, such as polystyrene. See also polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)). PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of human made, industrial POP chemicals. There are many different kinds of PCBs. Because they do not conduct electricity, PCBs were used in electrical transformers as insulators since the 1930s. PCBs do not break down easily in the environment and there is concern that they may be harmful to living things. Some kinds of PCBs are thought to cause cancer and may contribute to other subtle effects in unborn children. The use of PCBs was banned in many countries, including Canada, in the 1970s.
This occurs when the production of free radicals exceeds the capacity of the body's antioxidant defences to detoxify them.
Oxidative stress may be loosely defined as that state in which exposure to free radicals or other oxidants represents a challenge to normal function, and refers to the impact on cells when they are challenged by negatively charged oxygen molecules known as free radicals. Oxidative stress occurs when oxidative balance is upset by increased production of oxidants, or by decreased availability of antioxidants.
A process whereby the metabolic balance of a cell is disrupted by exposure to environmental substances resulting in accumulation of free-radicals, which can damage the cell.
Oxidative stress is the self-perpetuating chain reaction of damage to cells by free radical oxygen atoms. This begins the process of atherosclerosis, as the debris in the bloodstream, such as dead cells and cholesterol, are attracted and stick to small blood vessel walls due to the adhesive effect of free radicals. As the quantity of free radicals increases, so does the amount of atherosclerotic plaque that sticks to blood vessel walls thereby further decreasing the blood's supply of oxygen and nutrients. This process continues until a large quantity of certain antioxidants becomes available to absorb the free radicals and stop the oxidative stress. Nepretin contains a large number of antioxidants specifically designed to interrupt and manage oxidative stress.
A condition of increased oxidant production in animal cells characterized by the release of free radicals and resulting in cellular degeneration.
A disturbance of the thiol cycle of cell metabolism leading to cell necrosis. Stress is caused by oxidising agents, such as recreational drugs, AZT, semen, antibiotics, and radiation therapy. Oxidative stress has been proposed as the mechanism of the immune system damage associated with AIDS.
increased levels of free radicals and other oxidation-promoting molecules associated with disease, immune response and aging. When the production of pro-oxidants exceeds the cellular supply of antioxidants, harmful effects may result including cell membrane damage, cell death and damage to genetic material (DNA and RNA) resulting in mutations.
A state characterized by an excess of free radical groups in the body, which creates a potentially unstable cellular environment linked to tissue damage, accelerated aging, and degenerative disease. Oxidative stress can result from many factors, including exposure to alcohol, medications, poor nutrition, trauma, cold, toxins, and over-exercise. beginning of glossary
Oxidative stress is a process in which the amount of free radicals increases, subsequent cell damage occurs, and disease results. This means that the body is not maintaining its healthy antioxidant protection.
A process by which cells degenerate because they do not have the capacity to convert unstable oxygen (i.e, free radicals) into stable compounds before they interact with cell membranes to produce damage.
a highly oxidized environment within cells that is thought to promote HIV replication because cells are forced into a highly activated state due to loss of control of their regulatory systems.
An imbalance between oxidants (e.g., free radicals) and antioxidants; can lead to cell damage.
A condition of increased levels of free radicals and oxidants, associated with disease and aging, causing cell damage and cell death.
accumulation of destructive reactive oxygen molecules called free radicals that can lead to cell death. Free radicals damage components of the cells' membranes, proteins or genetic material by "oxidizing" them-the same chemical reaction that causes iron to rust
the harmful condition that occurs when there is an excess of free radicals, a decrease in antioxidant levels, or both.
This is caused by the release of molecules from normal cellular processes.
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage. All forms of life maintain a reducing environment within their cells. The cellular redox environment is preserved by enzymes that maintain the reduced state through a constant input of metabolic energy.