Conditionality is the principle that access to new loans, rescheduling, debt reduction, etc, is conditional on certain criteria being met. This is central to IMF programmes, where drawings are conditional on certain policy measures being taken and performance criteria being met; and to World Bank policy-based lending, which is subject only to policy conditions.
Economic polices or structural reforms that [borrowing] members agree to follow as a condition for the use of IMF and World Bank resources [loans] often called performance criteria or benchmarks.
Countries must adopt specified economic policies as a condition for receiving a loan from multilateral financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank. One example of conditionality is Structural Adjustment Programs which include stringent austerity measures that in many cases have had devastating effects on struggling economies.
The practice of IMF and World Bank loans, assistance and debt relief being given only on condition that specified economic policies or reforms are carried out by the recipient country.
the set of conditions that must be met before creditors disburse any loans. Since the early 1980s, for example, the vast majority of IMF and World Bank loans have required recipient countries to commit to “fiscal austerity” measures which include: the privatization of state-owned enterprises, the removal of restrictions on foreign imports and investment, and the weakening of state through budget and programme cuts. These requirements are know as structural adjustment conditions.
Economic policies that member countries intend to follow as a condition for the use of creditor resources. These are often expressed as performance criteria such as monetary and budgetary targets, but often include policies such as privatization, trade and price liberalization and fiscal austerity.
A conditionality in international development is a condition attached to a loan or to debt relief, typically by the International Monetary Fund, World Bank or in the case of bilateral aid, the donor country. Conditionalities may involve relatively uncontroversial requirements to enhance aid effectiveness, such as anti-corruption measures, but they may involve highly controversial ones, such as austerity or the privatization of key public services, which may provoke strong political opposition in the recipient country. These conditionalities are often grouped under the label structural adjustment.