The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes Remembrance Authority, a State tribunal of Israel, created in 1956. It has a Department which studies and decides the cases of non-Jewish persons, who saved Jews during the Holocaust (1939-1945). It confers in such cases a medal and a certificate in two languages, (Hebrew and French) per family, and the right to have their names and country engraved on the Honor Wall at Yad Vashem, in the city of Jerusalem. Before, when space permitted, the heroes planted an olive tree in the Alley of the Just at Yad Vashem, which recognizes such people by a very moving ceremony there.