A judgmental technique in which the researcher quantifies the costs and benefits associated with a programme on the basis of the same principles which apply to cost-benefit analysis, but there is no requirement to transfer benefits into common monetary units. See also cost-benefit analysis, effectiveness.
(Compare Cost-Benefit Analysis.) An analytic technique used to compare the cost and effectiveness of a project or program and thus to choose the most effective method for achieving a certain result (a.k.a. Program Analysis).
a form of economic evaluation where all the costs are expressed in monetary terms but where some of the effects are expressed in physical units (e.g. life-years gained, cases detected, etc.) - as opposed to cost-benefit analysis, where all effects are expressed in monetary terms only.
Evaluation tool for making a judgement in terms of effectiveness. This tool consists of relating the net effects of the intervention (which must be determined separately) to the financial inputs needed to produce those effects. The judgement criterion might, for example, be the cost per unit of impact produced (e.g. cost per job created). This unit cost is then compared to that of other interventions chosen as benchmarks. BACK
An evaluation of the relationship between program costs and outcomes. Can be used to compare different interventions with the same outcomes to determine effectiveness.
converts effects into health terms and describes the costs for some additional health gain (e.g. cost per additional MI prevented).
a comparison of alternative interventions in which costs are measured in monetary units and outcomes are measured in non-monetary units, e.g., reduced mortality or morbidity.
And analysis of alternative courses of action, the objective of which is to identify either the alternative that yields the maximum effectiveness achievable for a given amount of spending, or the alternative that minimizes the cost of achieving a stipulated level of effectiveness. CEA is generally used when it is not possible to measure benefits in dollar units.
The underlying premise of cost-effectiveness analysis in health-related decisions is that, for any given level of resources available, the decision maker wishes to maximize the aggregate health benefits conferred to the population of concern. Alternatively, a given health benefit goal may be set, the objective being to minimize the cost to achieve it.
A form of economic evaluation in which consequences of different interventions might vary but can be measured in identical 'natural' health-related units (eg lives saved, cases detected); relative inputs are then costed. Competing interventions are compared in terms of cost per unit of consequence.
Measures the net cost of providing an intervention as well as the outcomes obtained. Outcomes are reported in a single unit of measurement.
An analysis that seeks to find the best alternative activity, process, or intervention that minimizes resource use to achieve a desired result. Alternatively, where resources are constrained, analysis that seeks to identify the best alternative that maximizes results for a given application of resources. CEA is applied when project effects can be identified and quantified but not adequately valued.
(see Appendix H) An economic evaluation that compares therapy involving the proposed drug with therapy involving its main comparator(s) having common clinical outcome(s) in which costs are measured in monetary terms and outcomes are measured in natural units.
An economic evaluation in which alternative programs, services, or interventions are compared in terms of the cost per unit of clinical effect (for example, cost per life saved, cost per millimeter of mercury of blood pressure lowered, or cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained). The last form of measuring outcomes (and equivalents such as "healthy days of life gained") gives rise to what is also referred to as COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS.
A form of not-for-profit analysis, derived from benefit-cost analysis, which seeks to maximize effectiveness for a minimum cost. Fixed-cost analysis seeks to maximize the effectiveness that can be attained from a fixed, maximum investment. Fixed-effectiveness analysis seeks to minimize the investment needed to attain a fixed, minimum degree of effectiveness. [
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A type of economic analysis in which the costs and benefits of alternative healthcare therapies or strategies are compared. The statistic that commonly results from such an analysis is the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which is the difference in the mean costs of alternatives A and B, divided by the difference in their mean effects: ICER = (C). Back to the top of the page
