Addition of methyl groups to DNA; plays role in regulation of gene expression; protects a bacterium's DNA against its restriction endonucleases.
Attachment of methyl groups to the cytosine of DNA which can alter the function of DNA.
The addition of methyl groups (–CH) to bases of DNA after DNA synthesis; may serve as a long-term control of gene expression. DNA polymerase An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain. DNA probe A chemically synthesized, radioactively labeled segment of nucleic acid used to find a gene of interest by hydrogen-bonding to a complementary sequence. domain A taxonomic category above the kingdom level; the three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. dominance hierarchy A linear "pecking order" of animals, where position dictates characteristic social behaviors. dominant allele In a heterozygote, the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype. dormancy dormire, to sleep] A period during which growth ceases and metabolic activity is greatly reduced; dormancy is broken when certain requirements, for example, of temperature, moisture, or day length, are met.
On a DNA, methyl group is added to the 5 position of cytosine residue. Methylation of DNA occurs at CpG sites what is known as CpG islands. CpG islands are present near the promoters of genes. Methylation of these islands is critical for gene activity as well as gene expression.
The inactivation of genes by the addition of methyl (-CH3) groups to cytosine.
Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.
the addition of a methyl group to a stretch of DNA, which can lock, or silence, that gene. If methylation silences a gene that normally would control cell growth or prompt the cell to commit suicide, then the cell will grow unchecked – the hallmark of cancer.
A chemical process that adds a methyl group to DNA, rendering the genes coded or controlled by that stretch of DNA unusable, since proteins cannot bind to the DNA at the proper spots to begin gene expression.
A type of epigenetic mark. Changes in methylation affect gene expression; the more methylated a stretch of DNA, the less likely it is to be transcribed to RNA.
An endogenous process in the cell which adds a methyl group, -CH3, to the base cytosine or adenosine, resulting in gene-silencing, or failure of the gene to become expressed.
the addition of methyl groups to DNA; the process is found in many different gene types: in bacteria, viruses, fungi, vertebrates, and plants. It is involved in the protection of DNA against restriction enzymes, X-chromosome inactivation, imprinting, changes in DNA and chromatin structure, changes in the interaction of proteins with DNA, silencing viruses, and in embryogenesis and cancer.
DNA methylation is a type of chemical modification of DNA that can be inherited without changing the DNA sequence. As such, it is part of the epigenetic code and is the most characterized epigenetic mechanism.
