legal license to limited use of copyrighted work without asking permission
in the USA, a use of copyrighted material that does not constitute an infringement of the copyright provided the use is fair and reasonable and does not substantially impair the value of the work or the profits expected from it by its owner; among the factors determining if use of a copyrighted work is a fair use are the purpose of the use, the character of the use (commercial vs educational), the nature of the copyrighted work, and the amount of the work used.
A provision of copyright law that outlines the extent to which copyrighted work can be used or reproduced without seeking the permission of the copyright holder. Libraries rely on fair use to be able to provide access to research materials, and scholars depend on it to allow them to cite the research of others in their work. [For more info, see UIUC CITES EdTech: Copyright and Fair Use
a portion of the copyright law stating small passages from copyrighted material may be used without the owner's permission.
The legal use of a limited portion of copyrighted material without permission from the copyright owner for the purpose of newswriting, for example.
Regulations that indicate what portions of a copyrighted work a person might copy without asking permission.
The doctrine in copyright law holding that minimal copying of another's original material for the benefit of the public is permissible if it does not detract unduly from the commercial value of the original.
A concept that allows short quotes without the permission of a copyright holder.
Conditions under which copying is not an infringement of U.S. copyright. law which permits copying for purposes of criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Although fair use is not explicitly defined in U.S. copyright law, it must meet the following criteria: The use must not impair the value of the copyright by reducing demand in the marketplace for the original · The copier must not have used the efforts of the copyright owner as a substitute for his or her own intellectual effort · The use must be "fair" by the standards of any reasonable person, not damaging to the original work. Stanford University Library's Copyright and Fair Use site provides more information.
A law that authorizes the use of copyrighted materials for certain purposes without the copyright owner's permission.
The legal guidelines which exempt educators from certain copyright restrictions. Fair use of educational materials allows some media products to be used to a limited degree in the classroom. Individual school districts interpret Fair Use policy differently.
Conduct that otherwise might involve infringement of a copyright may be regarded as permissible use under the concept of fair use. Under the circumstances of fair use, the conduct is excusable as being for certain educational, research, or scientific purposes or involving de minimis copying.
various purposes for which the reproduction of a particular copyrighted work may be considered “fair,” such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. The permission of the copyright owner is not required in these limited instances. See the Fair Use section of this web site for more information.
Fair use is applied in 17 U.S.C. # 107 to describe the kinds of exceptions to the exclusive rights of copyright owners allowed by the law.
the conditions under which you can use material that is copyrighted by someone else without paying royalties
a use of someone's else work that is allowed under the copyright law
Codified in the 1976 U.S. Copyright Lawandfrequently used by scholars, journalists, and librarians, thefair use provision permits the limited use of copyrightedscientific and artistic material to supplement or brieflyillustrate oral or written commentary, literary or artisticcriticism, or teaching materials. In determining that a use isfair, four factors must be considered: (1) the purpose andcharacter of the use -- whether it is commercial or nonprofit;(2) the nature of the copyrighted material; (3) the amount of thetotal work used; and (4) the effect of the use upon the potentialmarket -- whether or not the author is deprived of sales.
A provision in most copyright conventions or statutes that makes it possible for individuals to copy portions of a document or other piece of work for short-term use.
The allowable use or reproduction of material without specific permission from the owner. Although copyright law itself outlines the extent of fair use, various rules and guidelines have extended the definition for educators.
Fair Use refers to a set of ideas or concepts intended to limit (under specific circumstances) the near-exclusive rights of the copyright owner. However, because Fair Use is a doctrine and not a fixed body of laws, no generally applicable definition is available.
US copyright law provides “fair use” exceptions to use of copyright protected materials. These limited exceptions support education and research.
Fair use is a limited doctrine providing for certain exceptions when permission is not required to use portions of copyrighted works. NOTE: Using software usually requires copying the entire program, fair use in this case is rare. The Copyright Act of 1976, as amended in 1992, authorizes any person to make “fair use” of a published or unpublished copyrighted expression in these contexts: in the connection with criticism of or comment on the expression in the course of news reporting for teaching purposes, or as part of scholarship or research activity. Whether or not a particular instance of copying without permission qualifies as a fair use is decided on a case-by-case basis and depends on four basic factors: the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or for nonprofit, educational purposes the nature of the copyrighted expression the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted expression as a whole, and the effect on the use upon the potential market for, or value of, the copyrighted expression.
doctrine originating in the common law under which one's liability for use of another's intellectual property is excused where liability would otherwise result (e.g., the owner has not consented to use of the work). A four-part test determines whether the use is "fair" under the Federal Copyright Act. This doctrine also applies to trademark and anti-dilution law. (See Copyright and Fair Use)
a concept of copyright law in which a limited copying of copyrighted material is permissible under some circumstances such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. Factors to be used in determining if usage is fair use include: the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; the nature of the work; the amount work used; and the market value impact on the copyrighted work.
A principle that provides for limited reproduction of copyrighted materials for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. It is a limitation on the copyright owner's right to exclusive use of a content they have created but may be applied only in certain circumstances.
The use of a small portion of a copyrighted work in such a way that it does not threaten the value of the work from which it was borrowed and, therefore, does not require permission. Fair use depends on such factors as the amount of material being borrowed, how it is being used, and the nature and length of the work from which it was taken.
Conditions allowing copying of materials without violation of copyright. Fair use allows limited copying for the sake of research and teaching.
conditions under which the copying of a work does not infringe upon the rights granted to its author by U.S. copyright law. In specially defined circumstances, copying is permitted for the purposes of criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research.
under US copyright law, the limited reproduction of copyrighted material. For example, quoting several passages from a book for use in a review or to emphasize a point in an article would probably be considered fair use by most publishers.
Reproduction of short excerpts from a copyrighted work, usually for educational or review purposes. Such use does not infringe the author's copyright.
The use of a portion of copyrighted material in a way that does not infringe the owner's rights. The use of a portion of material for educational purposes, literary criticism or news reporting is often considered a fair use.
A legal doctrine by which courts can avoid rigid application of copyright law when a work is reproduced for purposes of comment, criticism, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research (Holden, 1995, p 509).
A legal principle that allows portions of a copyrighted work to be used for educational purposes without permission from the copyright holder (e.g., use of portions of a copyrighted work with students by educators to illustrate a concept).
The concept contained in U.S. copyright law that allows for some copying of materials without formal permission for the purposes of criticism, comment, news, reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research.
The ability to copy and distribute a printed work for free without permission from or payment to the copyright holder.
Fair use rights are those which allow you, if you are for instance writing an academic paper or a review of a book or website to quote that material.
The name of separate doctrines in both copyright and trademark law that protect uses, without permission from the rightsholder, of trademarks or copyrighted information. See fair use doctrine (copyright) and fair use doctrine (trademark).
The section of the Copyright Law that permits use of copyrighted material for the purposes of "criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research." Factors affecting fair use include the use, the nature of the copyrighted work, the amount of the portion used, and the effect of the use upon the potential market or value of the copyrighted work.
Limited circumstances under which it may be allowable to reference or sample works without seeking an express release from a copyright holder. The circumstances under which fair use may apply include criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Four tests are involved: purpose and character of use, nature of copyrighted work, amount and substantiality of portion used, effect of use on potential market for copyrighted work.
Use of copyrighted material that is not considered infringement, such as for criticism, comment, parody, news reporting, research or teaching. Important factors in determining whether fair use was made of copyrighted material include whether the use is commercial or for nonprofit educational purposes, the nature of the copyrighted work, the amount of work used in relation to the whole and the effect of the use on the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.
A provision in the copyright law that allows for limited copying of published works without permission. Because the law is subject to different interpretations, it is generally best to avoid quoting from copyrighted material.
Fair use limits the exclusive rights of copyright owners and gives the user rights to reproduce in copies or phonorecords for "purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research." This is NOT an infringement. However, four factors must always be considered in determining fair use: "the purpose and character of use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; the nature of the copyrighted work; the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work."
Fair use is the concept in copyright law that some limited copying of copyrighted material is permissible in certain circumstances. A complete work may never be copied. The broadest permissions are for educational purposes, such as copying an article from a magazine or a chapter from a book for a class to use. Other more restrictive permitted uses are short excerpts for purposes of news reporting, criticism, and parody. See our Copyright Guidelines for Web Users.
A limited exception to copyright law, allowing others to draw on or use excerpts from a copyrighted work without formal permission.
Special conditions (such as criticism, news, teaching or research) under which all or portions of copyrighted work may be reproduced without infringing upon the copyright laws.
a legal doctrine providing for certain exceptions to the exclusive rights of copyright owners than users may invoke as a defense to a charge of copyright infringement.
a copyright principle based on the belief that the pub-lic is entitled to freely use portions of copyrighted materials for purposes of commentary and criticism. For example, if you wish to criticise a novelist, you should have the freedom to quote a portion of the novelist’s work without asking permission. Without this freedom, copyright owners could stifle any negative comments about their work.
A concept in copyright law that allows limited use of copyright material without requiring permission from the rights holders, e.g., for scholarship or review.
use or reproduction of a copyrighted work for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research.
A defense to a charge of copyright or trademark infringement.
The non-competitive right to use of copyrighted material without giving the author the right to compensation or to sue for infringement of copyright. With the growing use of copy machines
Fair use is a doctrine in United States copyright law that allows limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders, such as use for scholarship or review. It provides for the legal, non-licensed citation or incorporation of copyrighted material in another author's work under a four-factor balancing test. It is based on free speech rights provided by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.