acronym for cognitive/academic language proficiency; the language ability required for academic achievement

Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency. Jim Cummins distinguishes between social language skills (BICS) which usually develop within two years and academic language skills which take considerably longer (at least five to seven years). Researchers maintain that it is the full development of CALP that ensures academic success for language minority students.

Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency is the academic language of the classroom. It takes students 5-7+ years to become proficient in academic content language due to the absence of non-verbal clues, the abstract nature of academic language, expository nature of content area textbooks, and the increased demands of building and using an academic vocabulary.

soils in Fermanagh derived from Carboniferous strata with very impeded drainage and often low base status.

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