Clustering is a grouping of devices or other components, typically used for performance enhancement. Clustering computers to execute a single application speeds up the operation of the application.

A feature of the Framework Programmes, the cluster is a defined group of RTD projects. The aim is to guarantee complementarity among projects, to maximise European added value within a given field and to establish a critical mass of resources at the European level.

An unsupervised partitioning of objects into groups whose members are similar in some way. The objects can be genes, experiments, or both.

A server architecture that connects many small computers to perform a given task. The result is that they behave as one machine. For example Google uses thousands of regular computers to maintain their web site index and deliver search results. Usually this is done for better performance and reliability.

1. Using two or more computer systems that work together. It generally refers to multiple servers that are linked together in order to handle variable workloads or to provide continued operation in the event one fails. Each computer may be a multiprocessor system itself. For example, a cluster of four computers, each with four CPUs, would provide a total of 16 CPUs processing simultaneously. 2. In search engine results, it is to restrict the number of listings per web site to only one or two links.

the placement of records physically close together on disc, based (usually) on some attribute value(s).

The listing of only one page from each web site in a search engine or directory's list of search results. This avoids occupation of all the top results by a small number of web sites and makes the list of results clearer and more useful to the user.

Search engines and directories list only one page from each web site in their results page. This allows a greater number of websites to occupy the top listing positions and provides the searcher with a greater number of relevant sites.

Clustering is listing only one or two pages from each website in a Search Engine or a Directory's list of search results.

A bioinformatics technique for visualizing patterns in experimental data.

A technique of automatic categorization which segments a document collection into subsets of documents/words with the members of each subset being similar with respect to certain features.

When you perform a search, sometimes you get so many results that they are hard to sift through. Clustering is a technique that categorizes the results for you in hierarchical folders, so you can more easily find exactly what you were looking for. For an example, see vivisimo.com

The act of combining several smaller phone systems in concert to achieve larger-system functions. This method also minimizes downtime in the event of a system malfunction—only a portion of the clustered system is affected rather than the entire network.

A type of multiprocessor or architecture in which there is a hierarchy of the units of replication. At the lowest level, "processors" are replicated to form a "cluster". The cluster consists of M processors and a shared switching network that provides communication among the processors and access to a shared local memory. At the next higher level, the clusters are replicated. A clustered "system" consists of N clusters interconnected through a global network that allows communication among the clusters and access to a global memory that is shared among the cluster. The purpose of clustering is to reduce conflicts in accessing shared resources, whether these resources are the communication network or the storage system. Typically, a clustered architecture is a "hyperstar", that is, a star of stars. The cluster is a "star of processors" sharing a local communication network and a local memory. The system is then a "star of clusters" in which the shared resources are the global network and the global memory.

an iterative process of defining risk clusters that depends on the information available at different stages of the risk management process. The formation of preliminary risk clusters done by technical experts requires an analysis of the single elements of the source-pathway-receptor sequences, and the use of GIS to create outputs in form of maps.

Some policies, e.g. flexidowments, are sold as multiples or clusters of small policies, rather than one large, single policy. This provides extra flexibility for the policyholder when deciding to surrender, hold to maturity or extend the policy.

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In demographics, clustering refers to the gathering of various populations based on ethnicity, economics or religion.

The process of assigning an object to a storage location when the object is made persistent. Clustering a basic object assigns it a location in a particular container; clustering a container assigns it a location in a particular database.

a type of classification imposed on a finite set of objects

involves repeated seizures that follow immediately upon one another or which happen within hours of each other following periods without seizure activity.

This is setting up a number of pension schemes at the same time. It lets the member draw the pension benefits at different times.

See cluster database.