An output voltage Vcc does not change to -Vcc until the input increases above B*Vcc, B being a constant value. Conversely, -Vcc does not change to Vcc until the input decreases below -B*Vcc.
is an effect on the soil water content that occurs between wetting and drying. If a soil is becoming wet due to irrigation or precipitation, it will increase in water content as the soil water tension (how strongly the water is held in the soil) decreases. As drying (water removal) occurs, the tension will increase as the water is removed. For soils with strong hysteresis characteristics (loams and clays in particular), the soil water content will not be the same during drying as it was during wetting, even though the soil water tension is the same. This effect is related to the pore space in the soil and how the soil water fills those pores while wetting and then releases water while drying.
The maximum difference in output for any given input (within the specified range) when the value is approached first with increasing, and then with decreasing, input signals. Caused by energy absorption in the elements of the measuring instrument. Usually expressed as a percentage of full-scale range.
Nonuniqueness in history-dependent constitutive functions, e.g., differing wetting and drying saturation-pressure curves for unsaturated soil.
The difference noted in a sensor's output as a response to first an increasing, and then a decreasing, input signal of the same value. If Yi is the value of the output with an increasing input of value X, and Yd is the value of the output with decreasing input of value X, then the hysteresis can be defined as the maximum absolute value of the difference (Yi - Yd) for any value of X. This is frequently expressed as a percentage of the sensor's full scale range and usually is included as a component of total sensor error.
The change in static clamping force after the chuck has been rotated at working rotational speed with a constant input force - see Input Force«« Return to Main Glossary Page
As a parameter is increased, the behavior makes a sudden jump at a particular value of the parameter. But as the parameter is then decreased, the jump back to the original behavior does not occur until a much lower value. In the region between the two jumps, the system, is bistable.
The maximum difference between scale output readings for the same applied load. One reading is obtained by increasing the load from zero and the other reading is obtained by decreasing the load from rated load. Measurements should be taken as rapidly as possible to minimise creep.
Difference between output at a given input, when traversing in one direction, and output at the same input when traversing in the other direction.
The property of an element or sensor, whereby output is dependent not only on the value of the input, but on the direction of the current traverse. (That is, the reading of the same value differs as a function of whether the measurement is rising or falling.)
The difference in the output when the input signal is increasing and when the input signal is decreasing, measured at a specific value.
Dependence of the output signal, after transients have decayed, upon the history of prior inputs and the direction of the current traverse.
When applied to a crystal oscillator, this refers to the difference in frequency at a given temperature or control voltage depending on how the set of conditions was approached. For example, as temperature increases to 25° C the frequency will be different than as the temperature decreases to 25° C. Hysteresis is expressed as ± 1/2 the frequency difference divided by the nominal: if the difference is 0.5 Hz and the frequency at 25° C is 10.000000 MHz then the hysteresis is ± 2.5 x 10-8 (MIL-PRF-55310D,6.4.21).
The maximum difference in output, at any measured value within the specified range, when the value is approached first when increasing and then decreasing pressure.
Non-uniqueness in the relationship between two variables as a parameter increases or decreases. Also called dead band, or that portion of a system's response where a change in input does not produce a change in output.
The property that the output depends on the history of the input and current direction of change.
The greatest difference between load cell output readings for the same applied load. One reading is obtained by escalating the load from zero, the other by lessening the load from rated output.
The difference in response of a system to an increasing or a decreasing input signal.
The difference in the absolute position of an object for a given commanded input when approached from opposite directions. It is due to elastic forces accumulated in various drivetrain components, leadscrew wind-up, for instance. Often confused with backlash.
The difference between the response of the unit or system to an increasing signal, and the response to a decreasing signal.
The maximum difference between output readings for the same measured point, one point obtained while increasing from zero and the other while decreasing from full scale. The points are taken on the same continuous cycle. The deviation is expressed as a percent of full scale.
A process consisting of a closed cycle of states (mechanical, electrical, magnetic, etc.) that shows a cyclic irreversible dissipative energy loss when compared with process total input minus output energy.